Annotated BibliographyNovember 2021:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, May 13). Traumatic brain injury / concussion. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved November 4, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/index.html. The CDC provided this article containing information about the relation between brain injury and prisoners. They hypothesize that there is a connection between the large percentage of prisoners with head injuries and the high rate of drug use by prisoners--damage to parts of their brain that results in poor choices could have the effect of addictive behavior. Additionally, it is described how a change in behavior due to Traumatic Brain Injury could lead to an extended period of incarceration, or repeated incarceration because of the lack of resources for TBI patients upon release. This source helps to provide a medical aspect to my research, providing an explanation of TBI behavior. Williams, W. H., Chitsabesan, P., Fazel, S., McMillan, T., Hughes, N., Parsonage, M., & Tonks, J. (2018, October). Traumatic brain injury: A potential cause of violent crime? The lancet. Psychiatry. Retrieved November 4, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6171742/. This source describes the common behavioral outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The neuropsychological effects of TBI are often amnestic and executive disorders such as poor memory, attention, concentration, and planning. Emotional regulation deficits are also common including behavior such as impulsivity, poor judgment, and increased aggression. It describes studies that have been done that link TBI with criminal behavior--there is a larger chance for people with neuropsychological abnormalities to commit crime, as well as a large number of prisoners who have experienced TBI (for example, those with TBI had greater prevalence of violent crime: 60%, v. 38% of those without TBI). This source also contains another part of my research which involves the topic of how a lack of treatment for TBI upon release leads to reincarceration because these injuries are not being treated. Loaded on June 3, 2019 by E. L. published in P. L. N. J. (2019, June 3). People with Traumatic Brain Injuries More Likely to Commit Crimes. People with Traumatic Brain Injuries More Likely to Commit Crimes | Prison Legal News. Retrieved November 4, 2021, from https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2019/jun/3/people-traumatic-brain-injuries-more-likely-commit-crimes/. The authors of this article describe how prisoners with TBI exhibit a trend of aggression, agitation, and stress in their behavior. Even though this is a trend and can provide an explanation for the reason for incarceration, the article describes how it is “cheaper to lock them up”. Prisoners are also subject to further brain damage and elongated incarceration if TBI occurs at prison, possibly with violence with other inmates. It also describes the possible causes of TBI for prisoners, which often include domestic violence, as well as vehicle crashes and sports injuries, which is relevant to my research. |